Perception of Climate Change and Its Impacts: A Study among Fishermen in Five Fishing Communities in the Asuogyaman District of Ghana

Abstract

Climate change is any change in weather conditions over time due to natural variability or human activities. It has been described as the biggest health threat of the 21st century. Its effects are generally observed especially on fisheries but are often ignored and are termed as of no serious consequences. This study explored the knowledge, perception and impacts of climate change and adaptation measures to reduce the effects of these changes. A mixed approach was used in the study. For the qualitative study, five (5) focus group discussions with an average of seven (7) participants and one (1) in-depth interview were conducted. Interview guide was used to lead discussions and interview. The quantitative study involved 166 participants aged 35 years and above with at least 10 years of fishing experience from the 5 target communities. Close-ended questionnaires were administered by researcher and assistants to get participants’ view about the subject. The results showed that although most participants have observed changes in weather conditions their understanding of the concept, perceptions and causes of these changes differ. Majority of respondents have observed a decrease in rainfall, fish catch, level of river, sea level and turbulence of the river. They have also observed an increase in temperature and pollution. It was also predicted that these conditions may worsen and many people will stop fishing. Bilharzia, eye and skin diseases were common diseases among these fishermen. Deforestation and activities of the Akosombo dam were the major causes of climate change identified by participants. Participants also stated that they have adopted different methods to reduce the effects of these changes including change in fishing time, use of special traps and nets, periodic removal of sea weeds and aquaculture. It was evident that climate change, its causes and its impact is not well understood by the fisherfolks of the study area. It could translate to misinformed attitudes and behaviors that may have adverse effects on the environment as well as climate.