The Effect of Nutrition Education on Overweight and Obesity Knowledge in a Rural Area in Ghana

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity is rising globally, including in low- and middle-income countries like Ghana. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a nutrition education intervention in enhancing knowledge and promoting positive behaviors related to overweight and obesity in a rural area of the Eastern Region of Ghana. Methods: The study employed a mixed-method approach of both quantitative and qualitative methods. A community-based intervention which involved nutrition education sessions, songs, food demonstrations, and community engagement was adopted for the study. Baseline and end-line surveys were conducted on socio-demographic characteristics and assessment of participants' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding overweight and obesity. The study lasted for a period of six months from December 2022 to June 2023. The intervention's impact on participants' knowledge and behaviors was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The study revealed that participants' awareness and knowledge about overweight and obesity varied, with some misconceptions present. The nutrition education intervention significantly improved participants' knowledge of obesity (mean change = 1.39, p=0.001). Positive behavioral changes were observed, including increased engagement in post-meal exercises, incorporating diverse foods into diets, and reduced late-night eating. The intervention also had a positive influence on family behaviors. Conclusion: The nutrition education intervention effectively enhanced participants' knowledge and promoted positive behaviors related to overweight and obesity. The incorporation of culturally sensitive approaches and the involvement of families and community resources contributed to the success of the intervention. The findings emphasize the importance of comprehensive health education programs in addressing the challenges posed by the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in rural settings.