Epidemiological Analysis of Yaws in Ghana- A Scoping Review

Abstract

Background: Yaws is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) that affects children less than 15 years old in disadvantaged communities. It is caused by Treponema Pallidum Pertenue, which affects the skin, bones and cartilage which, if left untreated results, in permanent disfigurements and disabilities. This study assessed the prevalence and distribution of yaws, explore its geographic spread, and identify challenges within the surveillance and reporting systems. Methodology: Data was gathered from electronic databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar, and the District Health Information Management System (DHIMS) in Ghana, utilizing a descriptive study and scoping review technique. The study examined the prevalence of yaws across different regions, evaluated geographic patterns, and identified gaps in surveillance and reporting. Results/Findings: Yaws remains endemic, particularly in rural and impoverished areas, with notable variability in prevalence across Ghana. The geographic distribution was uneven, with the highest concentration of cases in the Western North (n= 152), Central (n=63), and Eastern regions (n=41) in 2023, influenced by socio-economic and environmental factors. The study identified significant challenges in the surveillance and reporting systems, including insufficient resources, incomplete data reporting, and delays in data submission. Conclusion: The findings underscore the urgent need for targeted public health interventions in high-prevalence regions, improved surveillance, and enhanced reporting systems. Addressing these challenges requires increased resource allocation, better diagnostic tools, and stronger community engagement. The study highlights the importance of ongoing research and policy support to advance yaws eradication efforts and achieve the World Health Organization’s targets.