The Prevalence of Physical Inactivity Among Undergraduate Students at the University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Eastern Region, Ghana

Abstract

Background: Physical inactivity has emerged as a major public health concern globally and is a significant risk factor for non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and obesity. Despite growing awareness of its health implications, physical inactivity is prevalent among young adults, particularly university students who are often exposed to sedentary academic environments, increased screen time, and limited opportunities for physical engagement. In Ghana, although some studies have explored physical activity patterns among tertiary students, there is limited evidence from newly established institutions such as the University of Environment and Sustainable Development (UESD). Aim: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of physical inactivity among undergraduate students at UESD using the Social Ecological Model. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was employed, using a quantitative approach. A total of 270 undergraduate students were selected through a multi-stage stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire adapted from the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and analyzed using STATA 18, with descriptive statistics used to summarize variables and chi-square tests employed to assess associations. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The results showed that 15.56% of respondents were physically inactive, while 51.85% and 32.59% had moderate and high levels of physical activity, respectively. Although a majority of respondents demonstrated good knowledge of physical activity (78.89%) and relatively high motivation (54.81%), a substantial proportion reported high time constraints (59.26%). Chi-square analysis revealed no statistically significant associations between physical activity level and socio-demographic, individual, interpersonal, or institutional factors (p > 0.05), despite observable variations across categories. Conclusion: While the prevalence of physical inactivity among undergraduate students at UESD was relatively low, a notable proportion remains at risk. The absence of statistically significant associations suggests that physical activity behavior may be influenced by complex and interacting factors not fully captured in this study. There is a need for comprehensive, multi-level interventions that address time constraints, enhance motivation, and strengthen institutional support systems to promote active lifestyles among students.