Risky Sexual Behaviour and HIV Knowledge Among Young Female Adults in Ghana: Insight From Ghana Demographics and Health Survey 2022

Abstract

Background: Risky sexual behavior and knowledge of HIV are critical public health concerns, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, which continues to face a significant burden of AIDS. In Ghana, young female adults are a vulnerable population at risk of engaging in risky sexual behaviors and lacking adequate knowledge about HIV transmission and prevention. Engaging in risky sexual behaviors predisposes individuals to a lot of concerns related to sexual and reproductive health, including sexually transmitted infections like HIV. Aim: This study aimed to investigate risky sexual behavior and knowledge of HIV among young female adults in Ghana using data from the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS) 2022. Methods:The survey utilized a quantitative method using a retrospective cross-sectional study design. Data was gathered from 16 regions in Ghana through the GDHS. The study population comprised young female adults aged 15 to 24 years across these regions. Results: The results revealed several key determinants significantly influencing risky sexual behavior among young female adults in Ghana. A notable finding was the correlation between risky sexual behaviors and limited knowledge about HIV. The study identified that delaying sexual debut and promoting safer sexual practices are crucial strategies for mitigating risky behaviors and reducing the risk of HIV transmission. Additionally, while a minority of respondents engaged in more diverse sexual relationships, there was also a small number of individuals with unclear reporting on their sexual behaviors. Conclusion:The study concluded that comprehensive sexual education programs are essential to address misconceptions about HIV transmission, including incorrect beliefs such as transmission through mosquito bites or sharing food. Promoting HIV testing through community outreach and VIII awareness campaigns is also crucial. Additionally, enhancing access to antiretroviral therapies (ARVs) and incorporating gender-sensitive approaches that take into account the unique sociocultural factors affecting young women's behaviors and access to healthcare are necessary steps.