Post-Flood Health Risks and Challenges to Healthcare Accessibility in Selected Districts in Ghana: Case Study of The Akosombo Dam Spillage

Abstract

Background: Floods are devastating natural disasters that have significantly impacted global public health, with dam-mediated flood events increasingly contributing to these public health concerns. Africa faces unique challenges in managing the health impacts of these dam-related floods. This study focuses on the health risks and healthcare access challenges faced by communities along the lower Volta River of Ghana following the Akosombo Dam spillage. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted involving 381 residents from three purposively selected communities. Participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Data collection was done through structured questionnaires. The data were analysed using Stata version 17, with descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression employed to determine the significance of various factors, with a p-value set at 0.05. Results: The study found that a significant portion of the population (33.3%) reported experiencing health issues due to the flood, with skin infections being the most common, followed by vector-borne diseases and gastrointestinal issues. Access to healthcare services was significantly hindered, with 64% of respondents reporting the unavailability of functional health facilities during and immediately after the flood. Additionally, factors such as age, employment status, and pre-existing health conditions were identified as significant determinants of post-flood health risks. Conclusion: The Akosombo Dam spillage has highlighted the health risks and challenges in healthcare accessibility in the affected communities. The findings emphasize the need for improved disaster preparedness, better healthcare infrastructure, and community resilience-building to mitigate the impacts of such flooding events in the future.